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Phenobarbital (INN) is a long-acting barbiturate and the most widely used anticonvulsant worldwide and the oldest still commonly used. It also has sedative and hypnotic properties but as with other barbiturates it has been superseded by the benzodiazepines for these indications. The World Health Organization recommends its use as first-line for partial and generalized tonic–clonic seizures (those formerly known as grand mal) in developing countries.

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