The Vanguard rocket was intended to be the first launch vehicle the United States would use to place a satellite into orbit. Instead the Sputnik crisis caused by the surprise launch of Sputnik 1 led the U.S. after the failure of Vanguard TV3 to quickly orbit the Explorer 1 satellite using a Juno I rocket making Vanguard I the second successful U.S. orbital launch.Vanguard rockets were used by Project Vanguard from 1957 to 1959.
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