The Public Health Service Act of 1944 structured the United States Public Health Service (PHS) founded 1798 as the primary division of the U.S. Department of Health Education and Welfare (HEW) (which was established in 1953) which later became the United States Department of Health and Human Services in 1979-1980 (when the Education agencies were separated into their own U.S. Department of Education). The Office of the Surgeon General was created in 1871.
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United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps
