Touman (Chinese: 頭曼 Mongolian: Tümen tumen Turkish: Teoman) – was the earliest known Xiongnu chanyu (匈奴單于) reigning from c. 220 to 209 BCE. The name Touman (*Tumen) is likely related to Middle Chinese *muan West Tokharian t(u)māne Old Turkic/Mongolian tümen Modern Persian tumân all meaning ‘10000’ a myriad).
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