Sienna Italian: Terra di Siena Siena earth is an earth pigment containing iron oxide and manganese oxide. In its natural state it is yellow-brown and is called raw sienna. When heated it becomes a reddish brown and is called burnt sienna. It takes its name from the city-state of Siena where it was produced during the Renaissance. Along with ochre and umber it was one of the first pigments to be used by humans and is found in many cave paintings.
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