The Saturn II was a series of proposed American Expendable launch vehicles proposed by North American Aviation in 1966 derived from the Saturn V rocket that was used for the Apollo lunar program.There was a large payload gap between the Saturn IB’s 19000 kg low-earth orbit capacity and the two-stage Saturn V’s 100000 kg capability. In the mid-1960s NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) initiated several studies to extend the capabilities of the Saturn family.
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