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The Most Holy Governing Synod (Russian: Святейший Правительствующий Синод) was the highest governing body of the Russian Orthodox Church between 1721 and 1918 when the Patriarchate was restored. The jurisdiction of the Most Holy Synod extended over every kind of ecclesiastical question and over some that are partly secular.The Synod was established by Peter I of Russia on January 25 1721 as a part of his church reform. Its establishment was followed by the abolition of the Patriarchate.