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Joseph Butler (18 May 1692 – 16 June 1752) was an English bishop theologian apologist and philosopher. He was born in Wantage in the English county of Berkshire (now Oxfordshire). He is known among other things for his critique of Thomas Hobbes’s egoism and John Locke’s theory of personal identity. During his life and after his death Butler influenced many philosophers including David Hume Thomas Reid and Adam Smith.