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G protein usually refers to the membrane-associated heterotrimeric G proteins sometimes referred to as the large G proteins (as opposed to the subclass of smaller monomeric small GTPases) . These proteins are activated by G protein-coupled receptors and are made up of alpha (α) beta (β) and gamma (γ) subunits the latter two referred to as the beta-gamma complex.There are four main families of G proteins: Gi/Go Gq Gs and G12.

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